Compare

1.

[æ]	[e]
man	men
pan	pen
bad	bed

2.

[ʌ]	[a:]
cut	cart
duck	dark
much	March
hut	heart
buck	bark

3.

[ʌ]	[æ]
hut	hat
hum	ham
cup	cap
mum	mam
bun	ban